Normal female hip ap xray3/30/2024 ![]() ![]() Positioning of the patient for PA pelvis radiography The patient’s trunk and legs were held in a fixed position during the shooting so that they would remain inactive ( Figure 1). The rotation of the lower extremities was adjusted to the knees and the patella parallel to the frontal plan. The patients’ legs were held on their knees, with both lower extremities in extension and parallel to each other. Patients were placed in the supine position on the cassette for AP projection and in the prone position for PA projection. In all patients, the radiographs were taken in the standard lying down position. Therefore, 20 patients in each group were found to be sufficient for the study. The number of patients in the groups was determined by power analysis in order to make a proper statistical evaluation. The patients were divided into four groups by their age as 6 - 12 months, 1 - 2 years, 2 - 3 years and 3 - 5 years. On physical examination, hip flexion contracture was evaluated and the amount was recorded. Age, gender, diagnosis and treatment recommendations of the patients were recorded. For randomization, the patients who were born on odd days of the month (including 1, 3, and 5) were scheduled to obtain pelvic radiography in the PA projection, while the patients born on even of days (including 2, 4, and 6) were planned to obtain AP projection. If pelvic radiographs were required, it was decided to perform randomly with AP or PA projections. Exclusion criteria are as follows: patients with hip or knee flexion contracture above 30 degrees (they could cause increased pelvic gradient in both prone and supine positions), patients with known or clinically significant sagittal plan deformity in the spine patients scheduled for surgery (to avoid side confusion during surgery), patients whose parents refused to participate in the study. Patients aged 5 years and younger, referred to the Pediatric Orthopedics Outpatient Clinic from May 2018 to April 2019 were included in the study. All parents were followed up with a detailed description of the purpose of the research and written consent was obtained. In this study, the aim was to determine whether PA projections meet the radiological criteria of correct positioning as AP projections.įor our prospective study, approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. In our literature review, we did not find any studies investigating whether pelvic radiographs obtained by PA projection in children are suitable for radiological evaluation. However, pelvic radiographs in PA projection are rarely used in daily practice due to the concern that it is not possible to shoot in the convenient position. Also the British Institute of Radiology suggested PA projection should be obtained in preference to an anterior-posterior (AP) view in order to reduce radiation exposure of gonads ( 5). The posterior-anterior (PA) projection as a dose reducing technique has been reported in several studies ( 1- 4). Pelvic radiographs are essential in the diagnosis and follow-up of many pediatric orthopedic problems, including developmental dysplasia of the hip, Legg Calve Perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Pelvic radiography is a common imaging modality in pediatric orthopedics. Pelvic Radiograph Posterior-Anterior Projection Radiation Exposure X-Ray Dose Reducing 1. Considering PA projection is a dose reducing technique requiring no additional equipment, it may be a safer option for children. PA projection instead of AP projection for pelvic radiography has no drawback in terms of acceptability criteria.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |